Great Basin

 This large and complex region includes the Northern Basin and Range, Columbia Plateau, and the eastern slope of the Cascade Range. This area is dry due to its position in the rain shadow of the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada. Grasslands, sagebrush, and other xeric shrubs dominate the flats and lowlands, with piņon juniper woodlands and open ponderosa pine forests on higher slopes. Lodgepole pine/sub-alpine fir forests occur at higher elevations on north-facing slopes. Several substantial lowland wetlands are extremely important to shorebirds, including breeding American Avocet, Black-necked Stilt, Willet, migrating Wilson's Phalarope and other water birds, notably Eared Grebe. The region is also important for breeding Mountain Plover and Snowy Plover. Most of North American breeding White-faced Ibis and California Gulls nest in marshes and lakes scattered across the region. The Great Salt Lake and adjacent marshes host large numbers of American White Pelican, Cinnamon Teal, Northern Pintail, Redhead, Tundra Swan, other waterfowl and many species of migrant shorebirds. Sage Grouse, Sage Sparrow, Sage Thrasher and Brewer's Sparrow are priority land birds of lowlands, with White-headed Woodpecker, Flammulated Owl and Cassin's Finch leading the list of characteristic birds of the region's pine forests.