The Effects of Light Characteristics 
on Avian Mortality at Lighthouses

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The generation of artificial light by human activity can have far-reaching detrimental impacts upon a wide variety of organisms.  A great deal of attention has been paid to well-lit buildings, television towers, and communications towers as sources of mortality for nocturnally migrating songbirds.  However, despite being among the first human structures known to generate migratory bird kills, little is known about the current impact of lighthouses on birds, or the impact of light design.  This paper examines the impact of a lighthouse on nocturnal avian migrants at Long Point, Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada..

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